Correlation of Serum Zinc, Alkaline phosphatase and Ascorbic acid levels in Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction:Diabetes mellitus is a dangerous disease with complications and prevalence of mortality accounting for at least 10% of total health care A few published reports of both in vitro and in vivo studies on the interactions among Zinc (Zn), Alkaline- phosphatase (AP) enzyme activity, Ascorbic acid (AA) and glucose drew attention to their alterations in diabetic statesThe present work was aimed at evaluating the serum Zinc, Alkaline phosphatase and Ascorbic acid levels in Diabetes Mellitus and to statistically correlate the serum values of blood glucose with serum zinc, alkaline phosphatase [ALP] & Ascorbic acid [AA] for finding significance which could help in clinical outcome. Methods:  The sample size taken was 94 having both males and females of 22-85 years of age. The study group was divided into the following six categories. Group A: - Control group of 20 normal subjects in the age group of 22-70 years,      Group B: -14 IDDM without complication subject in the age group of 22-43 years.Group C: -20 IDDM with nephropathy subject in the age group of 41-85 years. Group D: - 20 NIDDM without complication subject in age group of 37-72 years.Group E:-10 NIDDM with nephropathy subject in age group of 45-65 years.Group F:-10 NIDDM with retinopathy subject in age group of 49-66 years. Some parameters were taken from each individual of this study like estimation of blood glucose [fasting and post prandial] by Asatoor and King method, determination of serum Zn was carried out using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, Serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity was determined by the method of King and Armstrong as modified by Kind and King, plasma ascorbic acid is determined using formulae Results:The decrease in serum AA levels and the increase in serum DHA were highly significant. However, no correlations could be demonstrated statistically among the above said parameters in healthy and diabetic subjects.. It is being speculated that the raised serum AP activity may be due to the de-inhibition of activity by lowered serum AA concentrations. Serum Alkaline Phosphatase activity is eliminated in diabetics. It is an indicator of liver function that may be hampered in long term in diabetics. Serum Ascorbic acid is an antioxidant and its levels are decreased in diabetics. Its values can be assayed for monitoring oxidative reaction in diabetics. The estimation of serum zinc is not needed as there is no statistical difference. The need for right eating, exercise and right thinking needs to be stressed, particularly for diabetics. Keywords: NSAIDs, severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs), cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs), stevens johnson syndrome (SJS), fixed drug eruptions (FDEs), fixed dose combination (FDC), over the counter (OTC

Correlation of Body Age with anthropometric parameters in students

Obesity is becoming a pandemic these days. People are overweight and are losing the joy of self control. Lack of exercise, poor dietary habits lead to hypertension and diabetes mellitus. It is essential to make students aware of their faulty habits so they may correct it at an early age. We analyzed the BMI, Body age, Visceral Fat, Total and subcutaneous fat using an OMRON Machine by bioelectrical impedance for 52 students. About 60% of students whose body age was more than their actual age were counseled to eat rightly and exercise regularly

REVIEW OF CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF ABHRAKA WSR TO PINAKA ABHRAKA

Rasashastra (Vedic chemistry) is the root branch of the Ayurveda (the science of life) that deals with herbomineral preparations. Abhraka (mica) is a mineral that classified in Maharasa group of Rasashastra. It contains several elements such as Si, Fe, Al, Mg, Na, and K as main ingredients. Four types of abhrakas are described in the Classics of Rasashastra including pinaka. Property of Pinaka is told that when it is heated on fire, the layers get separates. Intake of its bhasma causes severe constipation. The characteristic effect of pinak abhraka can be correlated with muscovite – paragonite micas. Because their perfect basal cleavage allows them to be split into thin, flexible sheets. Muscovite–paragonite series group of mica having hydrous potassium, sodium, aluminum, and silicate minerals. In this hydrous group, aluminum hydroxide causes constipation. In this paper, an attempt will be made to explain how does pinaka abhrak causes severe constipation

Robust Lossless Semi Fragile Information Protection in Images

Internet security finds it difficult to keep the information secure and to maintain the integrity of the data. Sending messages over the internet secretly is one of the major tasks as it is widely used for passing the message. In order to achieve security there must be some mechanism to protect the data against unauthorized access. A lossless data hiding scheme is proposed in this paper which has a higher embedding capacity than other schemes. Unlike other schemes that are used for embedding fixed amount of data, the proposed data hiding method is block based approach and it uses a variable data embedding in different blocks which reduces the chances of distortion and increases the hiding capacity of the image. When the data is recovered the original image can be restored without any distortion. Our experimental results indicate that the proposed solution can significantly support the data hiding problem. We achieved good Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) while hiding large amount of data into smoother regions

Minimal Intubating Dose of Succinylcholine: A Comparative Study of 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 mg/kg Dose

Muscle relaxants are integral part of modern balanced anesthesia and succinylcholine, a depolarizing drug, is in use despite its adverse effects. The excellent intubating condition, fastest onset and shortest duration of action make it an excellent choice for anesthesiologists. The conventional dose of 1.5-2 mg/kg is commonly used for obtaining relaxation for intubation. This study was conducted with much smaller dose of succinylcholine as 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 mg/kg to evaluate the acceptable intubating dose at 60 seconds, which was unlikely to have any untoward/side effects

Changing trends in diagnostics of trypanosomosis in animals

Animal trypanosomosis presents special problems with regard to diagnosis since the clinical signs are not pathognomonic and standard parasitological techniques are not sufficiently sensitive. Formol-gel and mercuric chloride tests using serum of infected animals were adopted as a routine diagnostic tool for trypanosomosis, however, these chemical tests suffer from inherent problem of non specificity. To overcome this problem, alternative methods of diagnosis were developed, which detected antibody responses to antigens of infecting trypanosomes. Indirect immunofluorescent antibody test, enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and the card agglutination test for trypanosomosis (CATT) were found to be useful tests for the diagnosis of Trypanosoma evansi infections in view of their sensitivity and specificity. However, antibody detection tests failed to distinguish between current and past infections because of persistent antibody titres. Recently, development of assays for the detection of circulating trypanosomal antigens in infected animals has circumvented this problem since antigen-positivity indicates existing infection. Latex agglutination test, being simple to perform, rapid, convenient, cost-effective could be quite suitable for field-level diagnosis and screening of trypanosomosis. Presently molecular diagnostic techniques like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA probes for detection of parasitic DNA have been used more efficiently as these indicate a sure sign of an active infection. These techniques eliminate the possibilities of cross-reaction and offer high specificity and sensitivity for detection of trypanosomosis in animals

Growth Based Strategy Formulation for Selection of Murrah Buffalo at Early Ages

Buffaloes form the backbone of farmers in Indian dairy industry. The birth weight and weight at different age of an animal characterizes expression of animals’ genotype and serves as reliable aid to selection for efficient performance of livestock. The data on body weight were collected on 726 new born female calves and 642 male calves of livestock farm, NDRI, Karnal. Growth curves for both male and female buffalo calves were prepared by plotting mean of the body weight against age in weeks and Growth band were prepared by computing upper and lower limits of average body weights (95% confidence limit), from birth to 6 month of age, at weekly interval. The growth curves were found to be linear for both male and female buffalo calves. Growth band was narrow at the birth, but it goes on widening with age at successive weeks. The presentation of growth band is expected to be useful in making an efficient decision for proper management of animals at various ages

Analysis of Gait Pattern to Recognize the Human Activities

Human activity recognition based on the computer vision is the process of labelling image sequences with action labels. Accurate systems for this problem are applied in areas such as visual surveillance, human computer interaction and video retrieval. The challenges are due to variations in motion, recording settings and gait differences. Here we propose an approach to recognize the human activities through gait. Activity recognition through Gait is the process of identifying an activity by the manner in which they walk. The identification of human activities in a video, such as a person is walking, running, jumping, jogging etc are important activities in video surveillance. We contribute the use of Model based approach for activity recognition with the help of movement of legs only. Experimental results suggest that our method are able to recognize the human activities with a good accuracy rate and robust to shadows present in the video

Performance criteria for verbal autopsy-based systems to estimate national causes of death: development and application to the Indian Million Death Study.

BACKGROUND: Verbal autopsy (VA) has been proposed to determine the cause of death (COD) distributions in settings where most deaths occur without medical attention or certification. We develop performance criteria for VA-based COD systems and apply these to the Registrar General of India's ongoing, nationally-representative Indian Million Death Study (MDS). METHODS: Performance criteria include a low ill-defined proportion of deaths before old age; reproducibility, including consistency of COD distributions with independent resampling; differences in COD distribution of hospital, home, urban or rural deaths; age-, sex- and time-specific plausibility of specific diseases; stability and repeatability of dual physician coding; and the ability of the mortality classification system to capture a wide range of conditions. RESULTS: The introduction of the MDS in India reduced the proportion of ill-defined deaths before age 70 years from 13% to 4%. The cause-specific mortality fractions (CSMFs) at ages 5 to 69 years for independently resampled deaths and the MDS were very similar across 19 disease categories. By contrast, CSMFs at these ages differed between hospital and home deaths and between urban and rural deaths. Thus, reliance mostly on urban or hospital data can distort national estimates of CODs. Age-, sex- and time-specific patterns for various diseases were plausible. Initial physician agreement on COD occurred about two-thirds of the time. The MDS COD classification system was able to capture more eligible records than alternative classification systems. By these metrics, the Indian MDS performs well for deaths prior to age 70 years. The key implication for low- and middle-income countries where medical certification of death remains uncommon is to implement COD surveys that randomly sample all deaths, use simple but high-quality field work with built-in resampling, and use electronic rather than paper systems to expedite field work and coding. CONCLUSIONS: Simple criteria can evaluate the performance of VA-based COD systems. Despite the misclassification of VA, the MDS demonstrates that national surveys of CODs using VA are an order of magnitude better than the limited COD data previously available

Analyzing W.B. Yeats Selected Poetry Through Feminist Epistemology: A Reassessment

W.B. Yeats stands out as one of the most influential poets of the twentieth century. His symbolic poetry and his political and philosophical ideas are all prominently reflected in his work. During his lifetime, he was deeply influenced by a few remarkable women who made significant contributions to his poetic development and played a pivotal role in shaping his personality. Yeats's poems chosen for this study offer a profound insight into the predicament of women within various socio-cultural and economic contexts. This analysis will explore how Yeats projected female voices through multiple images and symbols in poems such as 'A Prayer for My Daughter,' 'Among School Children,' and 'Leda and the Swan.' While Maud Gonne is widely recognized as a central figure in Yeats's love poems, it's essential to acknowledge that she wasn't the sole woman who influenced the artist's evolution. Others, like Lady Gregory, Olivia Shakespeare, and George Hyde-Lees, the wife of W.B. Yeats, played significant roles in the later phase of his life, particularly in developing his philosophical treatise, "A Vision." In his final poems, Yeats attempted to convey his ultimate understanding of love, emphasizing its perfection in the unbroken relationship between the body and the mind. Works like 'Among School Children,' 'Leda and the Swan,' 'The Second Coming,' 'Sailing to Byzantium,' 'A Man Young and Old,' and many other universally acclaimed poems were inspired by his complex relationships with Maud Gonne and others